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- Convenor:
-
Anja Becker
(University of Cologne)
Send message to Convenor
- Track:
- General
- Location:
- Alan Turing Building G205
- Sessions:
- Tuesday 6 August, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
In some cultures women have no right to take decision. Most of the major decisions are taken by the husband or elders in the family. But due to industrialization, education and development, there is change in the family system.
Long Abstract:
Women's role and situation had central place in the family structure. If any change takes place in the role situation of working women it influences their marital as well as family life. This change takes place at micro level of the family.
The old family system has undergone a major change due to increases in women's paid employment. The role of employed women has greatly differed from the role and situation of those who live in the confinement of household. The adjustment of family and marital life problem resulting from employment of women indicates towards a social change. The result of employment can be seen in all fields. The adjustment problems resulting from women's employment or engagement in any work can be seen in two aspect, first level of adjustment at the working place, second family and marital adjustment. Women face problem at the working place, Women also feel fatigue and monotony after coming back form the work place, more over after coming back they have to look after the household work and their children. This situation sometimes creates maladjustment among the women.
Economic pressure is the main factor for women's employment. Women also opt to work in order to face future crisis or economic disaster. Lower class women work in order to fulfill the need of the family whereas middle class women work in order to raise the standard of living. Working women may be satisfied with working condition and their marital and family life. But they may remain dissatisfied about taking care of their children.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Tuesday 6 August, 2013, -Sabita Acharya (Utkal University)
Paper short abstract:
Rural and Tribal women are leading a changing lifestyle under new social environment. They continue facing the biggest challenge for their survival and livelihood due to establishment of different development projects in their areas which create many issues and problems.
Paper long abstract:
Development as a complex process involves the social, cultural, political and economic betterment of people. It is a cultural construct as well as brings new socio-economic order for people.
Women being half of the world's population are the integral part of development processes and they cannot be ignored from development strategies. Government has been implementing development projects, plans, and programs in the rural and tribal areas to improve the quality of life of the people which leads to displacement, resettlement, and even migration of people to various urban sectors. As a result, their socio-cultural and economic lives are influenced and affected in different ways. Any issue relating to women is always culture specific. In case of displacement, the compensation package given to a family is not being utilized properly because of the dominance of the male counterparts in tribal and rural communities.
The displaced women are neither able to assimilate completely with the new environment nor are they successful in maintaining their traditional social position and culture like; family structure, marriage pattern and kinship ties etc. Their traditional agrarian and forest economies undergo changes which are forcing them towards a new occupational structure. Of course, these development projects do give opportunities in the field of employment by paving ways of economic and political empowerment for women but also make them vulnerable to different kinds of exploitation for which their social position remains a big question today.
Anja Becker (University of Cologne)
Paper short abstract:
This paper focusses on women as agents of change in a transforming pastoral Pokot society. It explores ways of female resilience to social, economic and ecological change and how these changes are accompanied by a reorganization of social and normative relationships between men and women.
Paper long abstract:
The social, economic and cultural livelihoods in East Pokot are currently subjected to massive change. Sedentarization in East Pokot is spreading. Customary household structures with a male head of the homestead who distributes tasks to his co-wives and children are more and more diminishing. In sedentarized settlements, women as main wage earners are common place. They seek employment as household assistants, fetch water and firewood for money or start small business like brewing or local shops. Men often struggle to adapt to these new surroundings; many are unemployed. As a consequence, divorce rates are high, domestic violence is increasing and birth rates are decreasing. Even in still pastoral settings, household transformations are taking place. More and more women have small brewing businesses. Herewith earned money belongs to the women and has to be used to provide for the needs of them and their children. Many co-wives do not cohabit in one homestead. Rather the customary homestead is divided into geographically scattered independent household units consisting of a mother and her children, which are regularly visited by the homestead head. In pastoral and sedentarized settings, more girls (and boys) are schooling, and FGM is regressing.
This paper focusses on (1) the ongoing changes women are facing; (2) the economic, political, symbolic and social agencies of women; (3) the impact of these transformations on everyday relationships between men and women; (4) the normative notions of right and wrong female behavior.
Kodali Vijayanthimala (MGNIRSA)
Paper short abstract:
Gender equality is more than a goal and it is a precondition for meeting the challenges of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.
Paper long abstract:
Women constitute 586.5 million out of 632.7 million males (Census 2011) but they still remain a minority in public life and this difference of gender can be seen in all spheres of life. The provision of educational opportunities for women has been an important part of the national endeavor in the field of education since India's Independence but gender disparity persists with uncompromising tenacity, more so in the rural areas and among the disadvantaged communities. The present paper is an attempt to discuss gender inequalities in literacy level among male and female of general, S.C, S.T, Rural and primitive tribes through National and A.P census and field study on Khond tribe of Visakhapatnam (A.P).
Result indicates that gender based inequality has been found to be responsible for poor female literacy rate.
Moumita Gupta (Haldia Government College)
Paper short abstract:
Empowerment of women means equiping women to be economically independent and personally self-reliant,with a positive self esteem to enable them to face any difficult situation.Empowering women leads to certain socio- cultural changes in daily life.
Paper long abstract:
Empowerment is a multi-faceted, multi-dimentional and multi--layered concept,which should enable the individuals or a group of individuals to realise their full identity and power in all spheres of life. Empowerment is a complex term which may be measured in terms of women's freedom to shape their lives,their control over resources and their access to basic facilities,their level of political participation,their ability to take their own decision and to remove hinderances in their path to progress.In recent years empowerment of women has been recognised a central issue in determining the status of women.Education is a milestone of women empowerment because it enables them to respond to the challenges,to confront their traditional role and change their life.Besides economic independence of women will also create social changes.
Though it is perceived that the status of a woman is enhanced by empowerment it is not yet explained how it empowers women in the family set-up.The power relations in a family are a very important aspect from the point of view of empowerment of woman.An employed woman may be very powerful and efficient in an organisation but the situation at home may be different.The empowerment achieved through employment is analysed through eight elements of empowerment e.g.self-esteem,importance in the family,role in deciding the number of children,decision making in family matters,role of employment in keeping up individuality,increase in self-dependence,family income and in securing the respect of husband and in-laws.
In our study we would compare the role of empowered women and house-wives in their family life.
Miriam Adelman (Federal University of Paraná)
Paper short abstract:
In Brazil, the world of the rodeo has been oft-represented as an arena of (male) sociability and practice linked to rural heritage and modes of life. Yet in our current post-modern context, a series of significant changes in social patterns and institutions have eroded not only separations between urban and rural modes of life but also boundaries separating men’s and women’s activitities and areas of expertise. Our own original ethnographic research on rodeo looks at how this erasing of boundaries and borders has been played out within an arena of sporting and leisure practice once thought to simply reproduce clear separations between rural and urban and men's and women’s lives, practices and bodies. This new situation has enabled women from both urban middle class and rural poor or working class origin to develop forms of participation with potentially empowering consequences, as equestrian athletes.
Paper long abstract:
In Brazil, the world of the rodeo has been oft-represented as an arena of (male) sociability and practice linked to rural heritage and modes of life. Yet today's increasing rural and urban interconnectedness has eroded not only rural/urban divisions but also boundaries separating men's and women's activitities and areas of expertise. Our own original ethnographic research on rodeo looks at how this erasing of boundaries and borders has been played out within an arena of sporting and leisure practice once thought to simply reproduce clear separations between rural and urban and men's and women's lives, practices and bodies. Thus, a new scenario has been created, enabling women from both urban middle class and rural poor or working class origin to develop forms of participation with potentially empowering consequences. At the discursive level, this has generated fascinating attempts to re-negotiate the "traditionalist" discourse that has played an important role in the recent history of Southern Brazil. At an interactional level, many contradictions emerge, as some men resist change and many women are forced to deal with ambivalence (their own or that of others) and with persisting forms of stigmatization. Thus, our study presents a radical example of new dislocations - favored, in this case, by the feminization of "traditional" equestrian practice - and of the anguishes, uncertainties and challenges they bring with them.