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- Convenor:
-
Antonieta Reis Leite
(UNL/UAÇ e UC )
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- Location:
- Bloco 1, Sala 0.08
- Start time:
- 14 July, 2017 at
Time zone: Europe/Lisbon
- Session slots:
- 1
Short Abstract:
This panel proposes to discuss how different building cultures adapted to new worlds and environments, and how archipelagos, island and shores were used as experimentation territories, in the 15th and 16th centuries, for the construction of the Atlantic World.
Long Abstract:
All human action takes place within particular landscapes and environments. These are not just canvas on which human action take place, but constitute active agents in producing social and cultural change, being in fact an important part of it. Furthermore, the landscapes generated over settlement processes constitute the meeting point of contested relations between history, knowledge, material practises, and environmental change, and that can be particularly well observed on islands and shores colonization procedures, since they represent geographies better apprehended than continental areas.
It is an uncontested paradigm that in the building of the Atlantic World, both the settlement of islands and the colonization experiments conducted on the shores of Africa and America, were essential to try out legislation, town foundation and land use development practises, afterwards applied into vaster continental areas, such as Brazil, the Hispanic World and North America.
This panel proposes to discuss how different building cultures adapted to new worlds and environments, and how island and shores were used as experimentation territories. Also, how did those specific spaces influence the making and/or transformation of the legislation on land use planning? How were previous medieval practises, such as new town foundation and land reclamation or land grant distribution, applied in these territories? Who were the agents responsible for those actions and how did the central power intervene?
Specific case studies papers presenting research on Atlantic archipelagos, islands, shores or towns founded during the period mentioned, are welcome. Namely those on heritage studies, urban history, urban morphology analyses and land use planning history.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Antonieta Reis Leite (UNL/UAÇ e UC )
Paper short abstract:
This paper proposes to discuss how the Portuguese building culture adapted to new worlds and environments and how islands and shores were used as experimentation territories for the construction of the Atlantic World, during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Paper long abstract:
When King D. João III decided to install the captaincies system in Brazil (1536), as an administrative formula to improve the settlement process, he was not inventing a new colonial policy. On the contrary, he was making use of a strategy tried out with great success on the settlement process of the Atlantic islands along the previous century. First in Madeira island, since circa 1425, then in the Azores archipelago, with equal success, around the year 1450.
Mainly, this strategy (which was based, itself, on the medieval Christian conquest and settlement process of the Iberian Peninsula) intended to guarantee that the settling process was conducted in a lucrative way, both on the agriculture production and tax system level. In order to do so, new towns were founded, land grants were donated to settlers and a tax free policy was implemented. On this scenario urban and land use planning became an important tool to accomplish success, resulting on a rural and urban landscape devised and laid out according to strong geometrical principals emerged.
This paper aims to present the set of rules, regarding land ordinance and urbanism that were available during the settlement process of the Atlantic area by the Portuguese. Namely how they were transferred and applied to new territories, such as the islands (namely the Azores and Madeira archipelago's) and then to Brazil, were the territorial dimensions eventually required a new redefinition of the strategy, showing how urbanization was at the service of power.
Vera Domingues (CES/III - University of Coimbra / FCT)
Paper short abstract:
The Saragoça Treaty (1529) fixed the east limit of the previous Atlantic division. In the following decades processes of territorialization in the different spaces of the Portuguese empire were made towards a global geostrategic. In the East, at the center of these processes were the cities.
Paper long abstract:
When the Atlantic World was framed with the demarcation line at the east of the Atlantic division, the building culture tested by the portuguese through the Atlantic and African shores had also found in Asia new and solid urban environments to which it had to adapt to construct an urban network. Exception made to Macao, Cochin, Malacca, Colombo and Santhome of Mylapore were, at the time the east limit of the Atlantic division was established, urban settlements where the portuguese presence had started the urban organization and composition processes (with different expression and pace). After the Saragoça Treaty, the processes of territorialization tried in the following decades (1530-1550) in the different spaces of Portuguese empire, led to a restructuring of the urban network. While on the west side of the Atlantic World framework the colonization of Brazil was being experienced, on the east side, the investment was made in settlements which had better chance for adding territorial dimension. Cochin, Malacca, Colombo (already abandoned) and Santhome of Mylapore were not the case, and experienced a series of urban and territorial strategies, which, at the long time, influenced the composition of the urban forms and territorial organization. This presentation will focus in these experiences through the urban morphology analysis and land procedures.
Luisa Durán Rocca (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)
Paper short abstract:
This paper studies the urban practices arising from the migration program subsidized azorean families settled in the north and south of Brazil from de 16th and until the 18th century and examines the association between migration, cultural identity, frontiers, urbanism and architecture.
Paper long abstract:
From the 16th century and throughout the colonial period the azorean and madeiran subsidized migration was the solution proposed by the Portuguese Crown to two situations: in the archipelagos the demographic problems; in Brazil, the imminent need to guarantee occupation of immense territories incorporated by the formation of small urban settlements networks for the islanders to the economic development and stabilization of the civil society. The consecrated historiography, in particular the historical studies of the decade of 1930, is permeated with emotion; It turns a great emptiness in relation to the knowledge of the phenomenon, since specific parameters of the urban planning and architecture. In order to illustrate the spatial practices in the regions of azorean colonization in the north and in the south of Brazil, this work systematizes the urban plants in their initial stage and analyzes the spatial configuration with the situational and geographic variables, the degree of miscegenation and the degree of permanence of the traditional practices and forms versus the degree of interference of academic urbanism. Since the refounding of São Luiz (1615) until the occupation of the frontier areas after the Madrid Agreement (1750) in the north (Amazonas and Amapá) and the south (Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and the Colonia del Sacramento) is seen beyond the demographic and cultural contribution of the azoreans, the maturation of an urban planning practice which in its final stage coincides with the urbanism of the enlightenment and combines the popular tradition and scholarly knowledge.
José Manuel Fernandes (Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa)
Paper short abstract:
Lisbon is the 2017 Capital of Iberian-american Culture. In this context, we analise and compare different and complementary aspects of urban & architectural items, regarding 22 chosen iberian-american cities towards Lisbon. Those cities are selected among the different geographical-cultural areas involved.
Paper long abstract:
In 2017 Lisbon is the elected "Capital of Iberian american culture".
22 different iberian american cities will be selected, among the different geographical-cultural areas involved (Mexico, South America, Brazil, Caribean, Iberia, Atlantic Islands), and will be characterized and presented (historical background, population, area and developement and cultural aspects, etc).
Each one of those 22 cities will then be compared with the city of Lisbon, regarding a selected system of geo-historical, urban and architectural concepts.
22 different images of each one of those 22 cities will be analised regarding the city of Lisbon: themes as the urban fabric, the main squares and monuments of those cities (their churches, palaces and fortifications, civic and domestic buildings); urban modern and contemporary architecture will also be presented and studied. The methodology will include a selected series of urban-architectural typologies, allowing the comparision case to case, example to example.