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- Convenors:
-
Aisuluu Duishebaeva
(IFI)
Jeanine Dagyeli (University of Vienna and Austrian Academy of Sciences)
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- Theme:
- ENE
- Location:
- Room 211
- Sessions:
- Friday 11 October, -
Time zone: America/New_York
Long Abstract:
Fostering sustainable development for the Central Asian countries is of high importance to stabilize and comply economic and social processes with the environmental changes. In Central Asia agriculture has been still the important sector of economy, despite every year its proportion of GDP is getting smaller. Moreover, more 60% population of Central Asia have been still employed or self-employed in agriculture sector. However, irrational use of farmland, uncontrolled pasture expansion and deforestation have become of critical environmental concerns in Central Asia that are negatively affected by agricultural activities. Therefore, the Central Asian countries are seeking new policies, practices and ideas to mitigate environmental risks and make agricultural sector both profitable and less destructive to the environment as a whole. To address all these issues with possible solutions, the first paper analyzes prospects of organic agriculture development in the Kyrgyz Republic. The second paper focuses on analysis and assessment of the food market of the Kyrgyz Republic in the context of integration into the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in order to provide policy recommendations on food security. The third paper discusses the issues related to a social labor sphere in rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan and creation of necessary conditions for farming sustainable development. Finally, the forth paper studies apiculture development in 2005-2015 in the southern Kyrgyzstan that in turn is an organic indicator of environmental conditions.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Friday 11 October, 2019, -Bermet Dzhurupova (Kyrgyz Economic Univesity)
Paper long abstract:
The focus of this article is on the analysis and assessment of the state of the food market of the Kyrgyz Republic in the context of integration into the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Identified problems in this industry and assessed the energy and nutritional value of food consumed by the population In the process of research were used the methods of system, comparative and economic-statistical analysis. The research materials can serve as a basis for further scientific developments in the direction of providing the market with various types of products.
Kaiyrkul Kazylaeva (Agroway LLC)
Paper long abstract:
The unique nature of Kyrgyzstan serves as a rich natural forage base and a powerful potential for beekeeping development. The favorable natural and climatic conditions of the country have contributed to robust development of the beekeeping industry over many decades. Kyrgyzstan was one of the leading suppliers of honey and bee products to the foreign market, taking the third place of honor (after Russia and Ukraine) among all countries producing honey throughout the Soviet Union. Data on beekeeping shows that in the period of the Soviet Union, the production and sale of honey was developed. The main reason for the decline in the volume of honey production and the number of bee colonies is the fact that large state-owned bee-state farms have practically ceased to exist since independence of Kyrgyzstan in 1991. In Kyrgyzstan beekeeping has been developed by farmers who mainly work with crops and fruit trees. Because all these agricultural goods are interrelated, interacted and interdependent. Moreover, bees are sound environmental indicators what help farmers be mobile and operative to adapt or mitigate risks posed by climate change.
Anna Dupuy (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS))
Paper long abstract:
With the development of its urban population and the change of economic habits (particularly the use of plastic or electronic products), Mongolia is facing a serious waste crisis. Mongolian authorities pass laws to frame waste management habits (2003, 2012, 2017). However, nomadic herders perpetuate efficient ways of treating biodegradable waste, which they apply to manufactured waste. It led to the scattering of those waste in the steppe.
This paper will be about the Mongolian concept of domestic waste and the trajectory given to rubbish through yurts and camps.
More than throwing waste into a specific place, Mongolian's concern is above all with the correct implementation of the action of throwing, which allows to establish the morality of the household's members in the eyes of others. Moreover, removing wisely an object from a whole to contain it (as is done for waste) is a recurrent habit in Mongolian domestic life and allows to harness fortune.
This paper is based on a 3 months fieldwork in rural Mongolia that I did to write my master thesis. I collected my data through participant observation and the analyze of waste dumps' composition.
The anthropological approach provides a new perspective on household waste management in Mongolia and sheds light on public policies and citizen movements advocating recycling and waste reduction, but also resistance to these campaigns. The new knowledge it brings will be a theoretical and practical contribution for research on waste management in other transitional spaces and, more broadly, for the anthropology of Mongolia.
Regine Spector (University of Massachusetts-Amherst)
Paper long abstract:
This paper investigates the contemporary global "tsunami" in hydropower dam development through a study of how new dam construction is financed, legitimated, and contested in Georgia, a former Soviet country in the Caucasus that gained independence in 1991. The paper traces the ways in which Soviet and post-Soviet historical context, market discourses, and global finance opportunities produced this dam-based development agenda over the last decade. More specifically, based on preliminary field research in Tbilisi and analysis of documents by government offices, NGOs and the press, I find that government officials and media frame this aggressive dam-building agenda as crucial to achieving energy independence through renewable energy production, and implement it by facilitating the creation of new, complex export markets and domestic consumers of cheap electricity. Yet this agenda has increasingly clashed with competing understandings of environmental stewardship and cultural rights, and local organizations have collaborated with international organizations to challenge certain dam projects. This paper thus exposes the tensions and paradoxes manifest in the expansion of renewable hydropower power production in this particular post-Socialist context.
NOTE to organizers: I placed this in the energy/environment category, however, the paper could also go on a panel related to the politics of development, or political economy and global politics.