Evolving humanity, emerging worlds

Manchester, UK; 5th-10th August 2013

(PE19)

Urban development, business operation and social responsibility (Social Responsibility) (IUAES Commission on Enterprise Anthropology)

Location Roscoe 2.5
Date and Start Time 06 Aug, 2013 at 11:00

Convenors

Bernard Wong (San Francisco State University) email
Jijiao Zhang (Insititute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) email
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Short Abstract

Social Responsibility, and its relationship with Business Operation & Urban Development are very important topics for Anthropologists to do research.

Long Abstract

For the Commission on Enterprise Anthropology (CEA), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the most important topics in Enterprise studies. In the past years, CEA has organized/co-organized several

conferences on "Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)", in Kunming (2009), in Antalya (2010), in Hongkong (2010), and in Beijing (2008, 2011) respectively.

Since 1990s, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not only a concept but also an important issue as it emerged in Europe, North America, South America, and Asia-Pacific Region. There is as yet, no

widely agreed definition of CSR. On 1 November 2010, ISO 26000 was launched, and it provides guidance

to all types of organizations, regardless of their size or location, on:

- concepts, terms and definitions related to social responsibility;

- the background, trends and characteristics of social responsibility;

- principles and practices relating to social responsibility;

- the core subjects and issues of social responsibility;

- integrating, implementing and promoting socially responsible behaviour throughout the organization and, through its policies and practices, within its sphere of influence;

- identifying and engaging with stakeholders; and

- communicating commitments, performance and other information related to social responsibility.

Anthropologists value the economic sustainability of organizations as well as their environmental and social sustainability. So, in this panel, we would like to share our research on Social Responsibility, and its relationship with Business Operation & Urban Development.

Chair: Bernard P. Wong,Zhang Jijiao
Discussant: Tomoko Hamada Connolly

This panel is closed to new paper proposals.

Papers

Risky Business: Clean Tech and the Entrepreneurial Imagination

Author: June Anne English-Lueck (San Jose State University)  email
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Short Abstract

Clean Tech is viewed among the entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley as the next evolutionary step. Countercultural beliefs merge with business pitches to create a cultural narrative about clean technology’s role in shaping particular cultural futures. This paper uses fieldwork with entrepreneurs to explore how risk is understood and managed.

Long Abstract

Clean Tech is viewed, especially among the entrepreneurs and pundits of Silicon Valley, as the next evolutionary step for the region. Workers in this emerging work domain come from other technology fields, as well as disciplines ranging from classic energy economics to countercultural consumer products. Beliefs about the need to reinvent capitalism merge with narratives about innovation and environmentalism to create distinctive cultural narratives about the purpose and destiny of clean technology. This "new space," as technologists and entrepreneurs call it, has some of the features of the information technology economy, and others--such as a large and embedded infrastructure in the utilities industry, that are quite divergent. Politics, capital investments, and narratives of planetary and personal risk loom large in narratives about clean technology. It is a global industry, but local areas create different stories of how clean tech should be supported, cultivated and brought to market. Local political and economic realities also influence how work is developed and supported in particular regions. Based on fieldwork with entrepreneurs, educators, policy actors and consumers in Silicon Valley and along the Pacific West, this paper explores key metaphorical concepts—risk, entrepreneurship, innovation, and mission. Different stakeholders are imagining diverse cultural futures, some radical, others buffering a transformational shift, and use that vision of the future to rationalize particular actions.

Changes in Addressing Corporate Social Responsibility by Chinese Entrepreneurs: A Comparison of the World Chinese Entrepreneur Congresses in 1997 (Vancouver) and 2011 (Singapore).

Author: Karl Froschauer (Simon Fraser University)  email
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Short Abstract

To be completed

Long Abstract

To be completed

What urban change changes? Urban transformation in a typical neighborhood in Lisbon's historical center

Author: Bruno Gomes  email
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Short Abstract

This text will discuss the implications of urban change in a small traditional neighborhood. It will attempt to give an insight on how spatial transformations in a small historical neighborhood has strong impacts in the local everyday life, it’s social networks and, therefore, local identities.

Long Abstract

Based on an ongoing PhD research, the purpose of this text is to discuss some of the implications of urban transformation in everyday local life and identities.

In a context of global competition, cities face the need to attract an increasingly higher number of visitors. Accordingly, we have been witnessing the rehabilitation and revitalization of urban historical centers and their transformation into recreational areas. The implications of this transformation go far beyond spatial embellishments and the only way to fully understand it is through an ethnography of the street. The street is the place that reveals the sense that everyday urban interaction has to each townsman. Only at street level can we understand how these transformations are experienced. How they force people to reconsider their social roles and rethink their self-images, how they require a reorganization of social networks, but also the manner in which these transformations affect, not only the quarter but also the whole city.

The case study is Rua da Bica Duarte Belo, in the Bica quarter. Since the late 1990's this historical neighborhood has undergone a profound transformation. Numerous bars and restaurants have emerged and transformed the street in an area of nighttime leisure. This transformation appears to have created two separate and distinct worlds whose cohabitation involves contrasting and, sometimes, conflicting uses and appropriations of public space.

Urban Redevelopment in the Context of Chungking Mansions

Author: Gordon Mathews (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)  email
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Short Abstract

Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong, is a world hub of developing-world globalization located on some of the most expensive real estate on earth. How does this building survive? Will it be torn down to become a new shopping mall, or will it become “a Disneyland of the developing world”?

Long Abstract

Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong, is a world hub of developing-world globalization. It is where African and South Asian traders buy, under the radar of the law, cheap China-made phones, clothing, and computers, to carry back to their home countries. Chungking Mansions is in the heart of Hong Kong's tourist district, located on some of the most expensive real estate on earth. Why does this building, long reputed to be a center of crime, still exist?

Two reasons are these: 1) the building has 920 owners, many of whom cannot easily be found, and 2) the building's many business and guesthouse owners make much profit, not because of high prices but because of a high volume of customers. Thus they have long preferred the building to stay as it is—a crash pad for developed-world backpackers in the 1980s and a haven for developing-world traders today.

The incorporated owners have lately put in many improvements, whether to entice or fend off developers. But the most important factor in the building's survival may be that Chungking Mansions is now becoming fashionable. It still may be torn down to become one more shopping mall. But ironically, the building seems less likely to be demolished than to become a sort of "Disneyland of the developing world," for tourists and locals. This may be distasteful to anthropologists, but might be a socially responsible outcome, making the best of an untenable situation.

Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Community Responsibility

Author: Bernard Wong (San Francisco State University)  email
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Short Abstract

The paper compares and contrasts the Chinese American entrepreneurs in Chinatown with those in Silicon Valley's high-tech businesses. Their definitions of social responsibility and cultural-specific business practices will be examined.

Long Abstract

Using the concept of "moral economy" and the ISO International Standards Guidance (ISO 2600), the paper will compare the differences and similarities in the attitudes toward community responsibility and business operations among the Chinese American entrepreneurs who function in and outside of Chinatown. Data obtained from fieldwork indicate that entrepreneurial success/failure has much to do with the application of cultural values in economic activities. Further, entrepreneurs in different localities were guided by different definitions of social responsibility; business practices pertaining to maintenance and profit maximization were influenced by cultural values important to the larger society as well as the ethnic community. The concept of "moral economy", contrary to the claim of many, is not only applicable to pre-capitalist societies; it is relevant to the ethnic enterprises in America. Entrepreneurs, who pay attention to social justice and community welfare, as indicated in the data, do have results. Finally, the paper examines how Chinese employees use cultural-specific methods such as gossip, resistance, protest, resignation, slow-down and other cultural mechanisms to exact employers' compliance to standards for social justice.

CSR Development in China: From the Perpective of CSR Reporting

Author: Peng Yin (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)  email
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Short Abstract

This paper gives a brief introduction to the recentl devleopment of CSR in China and proposes some suggestions to its future developments, from the perspective of CSR reporting.

Long Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming an increasingly hot topic around the world, as well as in China. In this paper, the author, based on his experience of writing sustainability reports for a leading state-owned enterprise in China, analyzes CSR development and its prospect in China from the perspective of CSR reporting. The paper divides CSR development into four phases including passive acceptance, conscious respond, active communication and strategic integration, and claims that CSR reporting in China, in general, is at the second phase, which is featured by CSR taken as a tool of public relations. In conclusion, the author proposes a "bottom-up" pattern of CSR development at the beginning followed by a "top-down" pattern that integrate CSR in the whole process value chain of a company, and give some suggestions on CSR reporting.

The Bureaucratic Management of Adult Videos Censorship in Japan

Author: Ka Yan Clara Yip (University of Hong Kong)  email
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Short Abstract

Drawing on field research in a self-regulatory adult videos censorship organization in Japan, this paper examines how Japanese adult videos are censored to enforce corporate social responsibility as well as presents empirical evidence which shows that bureaucratic management practice is employed to maintain efficiency and effectiveness of adult videos censorship.

Long Abstract

The topics of censorship and pornography have attracted considerable interest from both academics and feminists. An examination of the literature finds that much of the research in the two areas is based on secondary data, textual analysis and audience studies. While the reasons and implications of pornography censorship have been widely discussed, the actual censorship process of pornography seems to be a mystery. Drawing on field research in a self-regulatory adult videos censorship organization in Japan, this paper examines how Japanese adult videos are censored to enforce corporate social responsibility as well as presents empirical evidence which shows that bureaucratic management practice is employed to maintain efficiency and effectiveness of adult videos censorship. It is found that the censorship process follows general rules, which are more or less strict, more or less flexible, and which are learned through the censorship process. Also, a linear bureaucratic hierarchy is formed based on the types of employment contract rather than on job titles. The three types of employment contract: "seishain", "hakken" and "part-time" create tensions within the organization and affect the working attitudes of censors. Consequently, the nature of adult videos censorship performed by censors employed under different types of contract varies.

This panel is closed to new paper proposals.

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